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Research Awards & Achievements
For recognition of outstanding contributions in the physical, behavioral, biological, mathematical, engineering, and social sciences. Established by an act of Congress in 1959, this is the federal government's highest scientific award. Since its establishment, the medal has been awarded to 409 scientists and engineers. Recipients receive National Medal of Science and Presidential Citation.
Guidelines for selection of candidates:
The total impact of an individual's work on the present state of physical, biological, mathematical, engineering or social and behavioral sciences is to be the principal criterion.
Achievements of an unusually significant nature in relation to the potential effects of such achievements on the development of scientific thought.
Unusually distinguished service in the general advancement of science and engineering, when accompanied by substantial contributions to the content of science at some time.
Recognition by peers within the scientific community.
Contributions to innovation and industry.
Influence on education through publications, students, etc.
Must be a US citizen or permanent resident who has applied for citizenship.
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Richard Garwin (2003)
John Cocke (1994)
Ralph Gomory (1988)
Herman Goldstine (1983)
John Backus (1975)
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