Cited references and notes

1. A report in 2001 by Gartner research (www.gartner.com) presented an estimate of $1.8 billion for 2003, and $4 trillion for 2004.
2. H. G. Lee and T. H. Clark, “Impact of the Electronic Marketplace on Transaction Cost and Market Structure,” International Journal of Electronic Commerce 1, No. 1, 127–149 (Fall 1996).
3. S. M. H. Wallman, “Technology Takes to Securities Trading,” IEEE Spectrum 34, No. 1, 60–65 (February 1997).
4. J. Rust and D. Friedman, “The Double Auction Market: Institutions, Theories, and Evidence,” Proceedings of the Workshop on Double Auction Markets, Santa Fe, NM (June 1991), published by Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA (1993).
5. J. Sairamesh and C. Codella, “NetBazaar: Networked Electronic Marketplaces,” Proceedings of the 7th Delos Workshop on Electronic Commerce, Heraklion, Crete, Greece (September 21–23, 1998), pp. 839–856; also in Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1513, Springer-Verlag (1998).
6. In this document, private marketplace and private exchange have the same meaning.
7. The buying organizations will have a stake in the company profits or just finance through a board.
8. In the literature, fixed price could also mean posted price.
9. The private exchange could aggregate orders from various buyers and obtain a better price from the sellers. This could be done in a distributor-type model of e-business.
10. The catalog can contain tens of millions of products and a large number of product categories and product attributes.
11. This can be exempted for some special buyers.
12. J. J. Rofrano, “IBM WebSphere Commerce Suite Product Advisor,” IBM Systems Journal 40, No. 1, 91–103 (2001).
13. Mobile Commerce Report, Durlacher Research Ltd., London (February 2000), see also http://www.durlacher.com/research/res-reports.asp.
14. Some of these devices have 64 Mbytes of memory and 200 MIPS of processing power.
15. LDAP is commonly used to keep track of user profiles and services offered.
16. UDDI service is fast becoming popular for businesses to advertise services and support automatic invocation.
17. RFQs, forward auctions, reverse auctions, and double auctions share many common similarities, and are considered variations on positions taken by buyers or sellers on products to be traded.
18. P. Klemperer, “Auction Theory: A Guide to the Literature,” Journal of Economic Surveys 13, No. 3, 227–286 (July 1999).
19. E. Turban, “Auctions and Bidding on the Internet: An Assessment,” International Journal of Electronic Markets 7, No. 4, 7–11 (December 1997).
20. R. P. McAfee and J. McMillan, “Auctions and Bidding,” Journal of Economic Literature 25, No. 2, 699–738 (June 1987).
21. P. Milgrom, “Auctions and Bidding: A Primer,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 3, No. 3, 3–22 (Summer 1989).
22. M. Kumar and S. I. Feldman, “Business Negotiations on the Internet,” Proceedings of INET'98, Geneva (July 22–24, 1998).
23. P. R. Wurman, M. P. Wellman, and W. E. Walsh, “The Michigan Internet AuctionBot: A Configurable Auction Server for Human and Software Agents,” Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (May 1998), pp. 301–308.
24. M. P. Wellman, W. E. Walsh, P. R. Wurman, and J. K. MacKie-Mason, “Auction Protocols for Decentralized Scheduling,” Games and Economic Behavior 35, Nos. 1–2, 271–303 (2001).
25. P. R. Wurman, M. P. Wellman, and W. E. Walsh, “A Parameterization of the Auction Design Space,” Journal of Games of Economic Behavior 35, Nos. 1–2, 304–338 (2001).
26. M. K. Franklin and M. K. Reiter, “The Design and Implementation of a Secure Auction Service,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 22, No. 5, 302–312 (May 1996).
27. J. Sairamesh and J. O. Kephart, “Price Dynamics in Vertically Differentiated Information Markets,” Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Information and Computation Economies (ICE-98), Charleston, SC (October 25–28, 1998), pp. 28–36; also in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag (1999).
28. MPE 4.1 was released by IBM in September 2000, and MPE 4.2 was released in April 2001. BE 5.1 was released in December 2001.
29. When the exchange component was released in September 2000, the MPE system was among the first few available with double auctions for trading in B2B markets.
30. A system with 2 Gbytes of memory and dual processor 500 MIPS machine could support 200 completed and matched trades per minute. With many such MPE nodes, thousands of trades could be handled per minute.
31. The exchange mechanisms are currently being used to trade plastics, steel, agricultural commodities, and other goods.