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Volume 39, Number 1, 2000
Java Performance
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The evolution of a high-performing Java virtual machine - References

by W. Gu, N. A. Burns, M. T. Collins, and W. Y. P. Wong

Cited references and notes

  1. J. Gosling, B. Joy, and G. Steele, The Java Language Specification, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA (1996).
  2. T. Lindholm and F. Yellin, The Java Virtual Machine Specification, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA (1996).
  3. T. Suganuma, T. Ogasawara, M. Takeuchi, T. Yasue, M. Kawahito, K. Ishizaki, H. Komatsu, and T. Nakatani, “Overview of the IBM Java Just-in-Time Compiler,” IBM Systems Journal 39, No. 1, 175­193 (2000, this issue).
  4. C.-H. Hsieh, M. T. Conte, T. L. Johnson, J. C. Gyllenhaal, W.-M. W. Hwu, “Compilers for Improved Java Performance,” Computer 30, No. 6, 67­75 (June 1997).
  5. T. Newhall and B. P. Miller, “Performance Measurement of Dynamically Compiled Java Executions,” Proceedings of the ACM 1999 Conference on Java Grande (1999), pp. 42­50.
  6. S. L. Graham, P. B. Kessler, and M. K. McKusick, “An Execution Profiler for Modular Programs,” Software—Practice and Experience 13, No. 8, 671­685 (August 1983).
  7. W. P. Alexander, R. F. Berry, F. E. Levine, and R. J. Urquhart, “A Unifying Approach to Performance Analysis in the Java Environment,” IBM Systems Journal 39, No. 1, 118­134 (2000, this issue).
  8. CaffeineMark, Pendragon Software Corporation, Libertyville, IL, http://www.pendragon-software.com/pendragon/cm3/index.html.
  9. JMark, Ziff-Davis, Inc., New York, http://www.zdnet.com/zdbop/jmark/jmark.html.
  10. SPECjvm98, The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC), Manassas, VA, http://www.spec.org/osg/jvm98/.
  11. VolanoMark, Volano LLC, San Francisco, CA, http://www.volano.com/guide21/mark.html.
  12. A. Heydon and M. Najork, “Performance Limitations of the Java Core Libraries,” Proceedings of the ACM 1999 Conference on Java Grande (June 1999), pp. 35­41.
  13. F. G. Chen and T.-W. Hou, “Design and Implementation of a Java Execution Environment,” Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (1998), pp. 686­692.
  14. R. Dimpsey, R. Arora, and K. Kuiper, “Java Server Performance: A Case Study of Building Efficient, Scalable Jvms,” IBM Systems Journal 39, No. 1, 151­174 (2000, this issue).
  15. D. F. Bacon, R. Konuru, C. Murthy, and M. Serrano, “Thin Locks: Featherweight Synchronization for Java,” Proceedings of the SIGPLAN '98 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (1998), pp. 258­268.
  16. C. A. R. Hoare, “Monitors: An Operating System Structuring Concept,” Communications of the ACM 17, No. 10, 549­557 (October 1974).
  17. B. W. Lampson and D. D. Redell, “Experience with Processes and Monitors in Mesa,” Communications of the ACM 23, No. 2, 105­117 (February 1980).
  18. P. R. Wilson, M. S. Johnstone, M. Neely, and D. Boles, “Dynamic Storage Allocation: A Survey and Critical Review,” International Workshop on Memory Management, Kinross, Scotland (September 1995).
  19. The results are obtained on an OS/2 system installed on an IBM PC 750 with 166 MHz Pentium® processor with MMX and 48 MB memory. The Jvm involved was DK for OS/2 1.0.2 GM. The improved Jvm is a prototype based on DK 1.0.2 with the improvements discussed in this section. The reported scores are averages of several runs of the tests. Higher scores are better scores in all tests.
  20. D. M. Geary and A. McClellan, Graphic Java 1.1: Mastering the AWT, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (July 1997).
  21. Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard: Version 2.0, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA (September 1996).
  22. The results are obtained on a Windows NT™ system installed on an IBM PC 300PL with a 450 MHz Pentium II processor, 48 MB RAM memory, S3 Trio 3D chip set with 4MB VRAM at 1024 × 768 × 256 colors. The Jvm involved was IBM Developer Kit for the Windows 1.1.7 platform. The measurements of the original Jvm are based on the code rolled back from the improved code. The reported scores are averages of several runs of the tests. Lower scores are better scores in all tests.
  23. JDK 1.1 Internationalization Specification, Sun Microsystems, Inc., documentation (December 1996). http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/intl/html/intlspecTOC.doc.html.