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Volume 37, Number 1, 1998
Internet Computing
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Catapults and grappling hooks: The tools and techniques of information warfare - References

by A. Boulanger

Cited references and notes

  1. CERT is a service mark of Carnegie Mellon University.
  2. CERT Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ); available at http://www.cert.org.
  3. K. Hafner and J. Markoff, Cyberpunk, Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier, Simon & Schuster, New York (1991).
  4. Information Security: Computer Attacks at Department of Defense Pose Increasing Risks, General Accounting Office Chapter Report, AIMD-96-84 (May 22, 1996); available at http://nsi.org/Library/Compsec/infosec.txt.
  5. A script is a sequence of command invocations.
  6. C. Klaus, "ISS Internet Security Scanner," program documentation (released 1992).
  7. D. Farmer and W. Venema, "SATAN--Security Analysis Tool for Auditing Networks," program documentation (released April 5th, 1995).
  8. D. Farmer and W. Venema, "Improving the Security of Your Site by Breaking Into It" (December 1993); available from http://www.mcg.gla.ac.uk/staff/rory/admin_guide.html.
  9. M. J. Christensen, "Courtney," program documentation (released March 22, 1995).
  10. D. Farmer and E. Spafford, "The COPS Security Checker System," Proceedings of Summer USENIX Conference, Anaheim, CA (June 1990), pp. 165-170.
  11. D. Safford, D. Schales, and D. Hess, "The TAMU Security Package: An Ongoing Response to Internet Intruders in an Academic Environment," Proceedings of the Fourth UNIX Security Symposium, Santa Clara, CA (October 1993), pp. 91-118.
  12. M. Ranum, "Internet Firewalls Frequently Asked Questions," available at http://www.clark.net/pub/mjr/pubs/fwfaq/index.htm.
  13. J. B. Postel, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, RFC821, The Internet Engineering Task Force (August 1982), available at ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc821.txt.
  14. R. T. Morris, A Weakness in the 4.2BSD UNIX TCP/IP Software, Bell Labs Computer Science Technical Report 117 (February 25, 1985); available at http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~rtm/papers.html.
  15. S. Bellovin, "Security Problems in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite," Computer Communications Review 19, No. 2 (April 1989), pp. 32-48.
  16. T. Shimomura and J. Markoff, "Takedown: The Pursuit and Capture of Kevin Mitnick, America's Most Wanted Computer Outlaw--By the Man Who Did It," Hyperion, New York (1996).
  17. "Social engineering" refers to the manipulation of a person by persuasion. The victim may be persuaded to divulge sensitive information or to help the perpetrator in other ways. For example, the victim might install harmful software.
  18. C. Landwehr, A. Bull, J. McDermott, and W. Choi, "A Taxonomy of Computer Program Security Flaws," ACM Computing Surveys 26, No. 3 (September 1994).
  19. Advisories published by the U.S. Department of Energy's Computer Incident Advisory Capability (1997); see http://ciac.llnl.gov.
  20. Bugtraq mailing list (1997); see http://www.geek-girl.com/bugtraq/.
  21. D. V. Klein, "Foiling the Cracker": A Survey of and Improvements to Password Security," USENIX Security Workshop Proceedings, Portland, OR (August 1990) pp. 5-14.
  22. See http://www.neosoft.com/neosoft/man/dig.1.html.
  23. J. Assange, Strobe 1.2, program documentation (Feb. 27, 1995).
  24. Vulnerability in NCSA/Apachi CGI Example Code, CERT Advisory CA96.06 (June 4, 1997); available at ftp://info.cert.org/pub/cert_advisories/CA-96.06.cgi_example_code.
  25. A shell is the user interface to an operating environment.
  26. In "promiscuous mode" the network interface receives all network traffic.
  27. CERT Coordination Center 1995 Annual Report, available from the CERT Coordination Center; see http://www.cert.org/pub/annual-reports/cert_rpt_95.html.
  28. Computer Crime and Security Survey, Computer Security Institute, San Francisco, CA (March 6, 1997); available at http://www.gocsi.com/.
  29. CERT Coordination Center 1996 Annual Report (March 20, 1996); available at http://www.cert.org.
  30. B. Violino and B. Davis, "Security: Window of Vulnerability," Information Week (March 10, 1997).