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IBM Journal of Research and Development  
April 1, 2001 - April 30, 2001
Non-US Patents issued to IBM inventors
  DOI: 10.1147/rd.pat.wt.04302001 arrowCopyright info
   

Patents issued outside US to IBM inventors between April 1, 2001 and April 30, 2001

The following patents were issued by countries outside of the United States of America. See the legend at the end of this file for European Patent-issuing countries.

Australia
732,436 J. L. Combs, D. T. Crump, and S. Pancoast Desktop computer system having multilevel power management

Canada
2,028,701 Y. Birk and J. M. Mc Crossin Method and apparatus for pipelined parallel rasterization
2,095,756 A. Edgar Method and apparatus for linear color processing
2,142,380 A. Dan and D. Sitaram Buffer management policy for an on-demand video server
2,142,802 H. Agata, M. Goldowsky, J. P. Karidis, G. Mc Vicker, and K. Nakada Keyboard with translating sections
2,146,170 M. A. Huras and T. J. Vincent Server detection of client process termination
2,175,710 A. G. Ganek, L. Herzberg, A. Ruiz, and B. E. Willner Fixed video-on-demand
2,205,797 A. MacLeod A system for local context spilling for graph colouring register allocators
2,206,685 A. K. Iyengar Preserving state in stateless network protocols
2,219,563 R. L. Bertram and P. J. Brittenham Browser and plural active URL manager for network computers
2,220,612 D. J. Doole, P. C. Huffman, and J. E. Lumby Method and apparatus for inter-node deadlock avoidance on a parallel processing system

China
68,415 A. Z. Zhao System for fast 90 degree rotation of bi-level images
70,336 T. E. Karis and H. S. Nagaraj Improved spindle motor
71,392 R. J. Bezama, J. A. Casey, M. E. Ecker, S. Farooq, I. Frantz, K. G. Frase, D. H. Gabriels, L. W. Herron, J. U. Knickerbocker, S. Knickerbocker, G. Natarajan, V. Sura, J. Thomson, Y. Ting, S. L. Tracy, R. M. Troncillito, D. R. Wall, and G. V. Yen Large ceramic article and method of manufacturing

European Patent (Countries in which patent was filed)
800,735 G. Cherubini, S. Oelcer, and G. Ungerboeck Adaptive equalization for PRIV transmission systems
(DE, FR, GB)

Germany
19,539,801.7 H. H. Henn Supervision of Transactions with Chip Cards
19,620,014.8 H. Hartmann, H. Lehr, P. Pokrowsky, and C. H. Schulz Process and Device for Determining the Magnetic Characteristics of Thin Magnetic Layers
69,427,135.7 G. Cherubini, S. Oelcer, and G. Ungerboeck Adaptive equalization for PRIV transmission systems

Japan
1,111,232 T. Imai Industrial design for docking station
3,177,104 T. Fukuzawa, T. Hisano, Y. Ozawa, Y. Takahashi, and H. Watabe A flying height tester optical system eliminating intensity change by polarization
3,177,111 M. S. Chen, D. D. Kandlur, and P. S. Yu Video fram skipping in a video-on-demand environment
3,177,117 J. T. Brady, L. Ho, C. R. Stevens, D. T. Wang, and J. D. Yeager Method and apparatus for modifying microcode in a distributed nodal network while the network continues operation
3,177,120 M. Kisaka RRO compensation
3,177,121 M. Kisaka Over sample control with a regular integrator
3,177,133 J. Y. Boulet, G. Paillet, and P. Tannhof Fully parallel minimum/maximum search circuit
3,177,143 B. O. Schneider Method and apparatus for improved graphics picking using auxiliary buffer information
3,177,147 J. E. Gersbach and T. Williams Filter network for phase-locked loop circuit
3,177,150 P. G. Emma Method and apparatus for the transparent emulation of an existing instruction-set architecture by an arbirary underlying instruc
3,177,156 D. A. Luick 5*multiple port register file with interleaved write ports
3,177,157 D. Kenney Mechanical supports for very thin capacitor plates
3,177,173 S. J. Fuerniss, J. D. Gelorme, J. C. Hedrick, T. H. Lewis, V. Markovich, K. Papathomas, S. L. Tisdale, and A. Viehbeck Toughened photosensitive polycyanurate resist, and structure made therefrom and process of making
3,177,186 A. C. Lowe Stacked parallax-free liquid crystal display cell
3,177,188 J. Calvignac, D. Orsatti, and F. Verplanken ATM minimum service support
3,177,194 S. Mallick and R. B. Patel Method and apparatus for correcting misaligned instruction data
3,177,195 G. Brouillette, D. Danovitch, M. Liehr, W. T. Motsiff, J. M. Rubino, C. J. Sambucetti, and R. Saraf Direct chip attach for low alpha emission interconnect system
3,177,198 A. J. Loper, Jr. and S. Mallick System and method for reducing power consumption in an electronic circuit
3,177,199 R. E. Fontana and S. S. Parkin Magnetic tunnel junction device with longitudinal biasing
3,177,207 Y. Katayama and S. Shimizu Improved battery backup for DRAM-based menory
3,177,211 B. K. Appelt, C. M. Boyko, D. S. Farquhar, S. J. Fuerniss, and M. J. Klodowski Method for filling holes in printed wiring boards
3,177,213 J. Song and B. L. Yeo System and method for extracting spatially reduced image sequenses in a motion compensated compressed format
3,177,221 K. S. Cheng, K. Kumar, J. S. Lipscomb, J. P. Menon, and M. Willebeek-Lemair Method and apparatus for displaying panoramas with streaming video
3,177,228 S. A. Cohen, F. R. Mc Feely, I. C. Noyan, K. P. Rodbell, R. Rosenberg, and J. J. Yurkas Ultra thin, single phase, diffusion barrier for metal conductors
3,177,229 R. E. Fontana, S. S. Parkin, and C. Tsang Magnetic tunnel junction magnetoresistive read head with longitudinal and transverse bias
3,177,231 J. T. Contreras, K. B. Klaassen, and J. C. Van Peppen By-pass write drivers for high-performance data recording
3,177,232 C. Black, S. M. Gates, C. B. Murray, and S. Sun Nanoparticle structures utilizing synthetic dna lattices
3,178,475 J. R. Lewis Data processing system
3,178,645 R. Glaise, F. R. Kermarec, E. Lallemand, T. Pham, and H. R. Schindler Apparatus for swapping input values into corresponding output values
3,179,997 G. Gifford and B. E. Osborn Method and system for analyzing plasma data
3,179,998 J. B. Lyerly, F. C. Miller, and C. W. Robinson Apparatus and method for printing
3,180,005 D. Allard, C. Au, F. J. Canova, J. F. Goodwin, D. M. Hsieh, D. G. Johnson, C. S. Lanier, J. R. Lewis, B. K. Tiller, W. Villafana, and R. L. Yee Apparatus and method for marking text on a display screen in a personal communications device
3,180,015 R. C. Itskin, J. C. Pescatore, and D. B. Ruth Validating the synchronization of lock step operated circuits
3,180,023 S. S. Parkin Digital magnetoresistive sensor based on the giant magnetoresistance effect
3,180,027 R. E. Fontana, B. Gurney, T. Lin, V. S. Speriosu, C. Tsang, and D. R. Wilhoit Spin valve magneto-resistive sensor and magnetic recording system using same
3,180,038 D. R. Martin and M. J. McDermott Method and system for mass storage device configuration management
3,180,048 S. M. Fry, S. D. Johnson, and S. B. Wilson Preformatting of a storage media having fixed-size partitions
3,180,051 S. G. Barbee, A. Halperin, and L. Li Endpoint deection for chemical mechanical polishing using frequency or amplitude mode
3,180,053 K. S. Huang, S. Monti, and A. Ruiz Variable rate discrete multiple tone bidirectional transmission
3,180,054 K. Nemoto Design of high reliable dual home host type firewall
3,180,063 Y. Fukushima, T. Kakihara, K. Okutsu, and T. Ueda Write cache degrading write cache in errornous conditions
3,180,075 R. Hilgendorf, H. R. Schwermer, and W. Soell Dynamic conversion between different instruction codes by recombination of instruction elements
3,180,096 B. C. Beardsley, K. F. Day, M. H. Hartung, and W. F. Micka Apparatus and method for using existing eckd mvs DASD for open storage
3,180,097 L. L. Hsu and J. A. Mandelman Semiconductor integrated circuits
3,181,001 G. M. Braceras and L. C. Howell Method and apparatus for accessing external memory without displacing cache line
3,182,740 R. McDonald Method and system for fetching non-contiguous instructions in a single clock cycle
3,182,741 D. Q. Nguyen Distributed instruction completion logic
3,183,669 H. Chilinski, K. J. Getzlaff, W. Haller, and R. Koester Processor for variable length character string
3,183,808 S. D. Keidl, J. S. Rotter, and S. W. Steele Battery charging method and apparatus using current control
3,183,817 T. V. Rajeevakumar A cross point four square folded bitline trench DRAM cell
3,183,825 K. E. Beilstein, C. L. Bertin, D. Dubois, W. J. Howell, G. A. Kelley, C. P. Miller, D. J. Perlman, G. Schrottke, E. J. Sprogis, and J. Van Horn (PF/TP/CUBE)burn-in method for three dimensional multi chip packages
3,183,837 D. G. Caffo and C. A. Freymuth Method and system for bypassing in a load/store unit of a superscalar processor
3,183,838 H. S. Gill and D. J. Werner Highly sensitive magnetoresistive sensor with a series flux guide
3,183,851 A. K. Stamper Closely pitched polysilicon fuses and method of forming the same
3,184,535 J. R. Lewis Data communications
3,184,730 F. Nakamura and T. Takahashi Mechanical design for ohp supported notebook PC
3,184,738 C. E. Drake, J. A. Fifield, R. Wheeler, and B. J. Wolford On-chip ECC status
3,184,746 S. A. Cohen, D. C. Edelstein, A. Grill, J. R. Paraszczak, and V. V. Patel DLC as a low dielectric material for back end applications
3,184,748 D. A. Ford Redundant arrays of independent libraries of dismountable media with parity logging
3,184,763 H. H. Ottesen, G. J. Smith, and G. W. Vanleeuwen Multimedia direct access storage device and formatting method
3,184,785 M. Aono, H. Masuda, and R. Ohbuchi Compression and transmission of 3D geometric models of arbitvarytopological type
3,184,796 K. Hirayama, M. Katsumata, and H. Matsumoto Net generation algorithm on weighted scan graph with present wires density
3,184,802 M. C. Azua Customization of web pages based on requester type
3,184,803 C. Uzoh Process for integrated circuit wiring
3,184,806 G. B. Bronner, J. P. Gambino, J. A. Mandelman, C. J. Radens, and W. R. Tonti Providing dual work function doping
3,184,811 E. J. Nowak and M. H. Tong High voltage field effect transistors with selective gate depletion
3,184,814 B. K. Appelt, L. R. Blumberg, W. T. Fotorny, R. D. Havens, R. M. Japp, J. Obrzut, K. I. Papathomas, M. D. Poliks, and A. S. Rai Laminate and method of manufacture thereof
3,184,817 J. Linville, B. A. Makrucki, E. Suffern, and J. R. Warren Method and system for providing congestion control in a data communications network
3,184,822 I. Iliadis and P. Scotton Method for generating the optimal pnni complex node representations for restrictive costs

Korea
293,261 S. G. Chu, V. R. Kodali, and M. Lee Soft error protected dynamic circuit
293,373 J. J. Maddalozzo, G. F. McBrearty, and J. M. Shieh Method and system for creating and utilizing common caches for internetworks
293,398 L. L. Porter Voice processing system
293,399 E. P. Clarke, R. A. Flavin, P. Nihal, G. H. Purdy, and N. Vogl Measuring and accounting for data traffic on networks
293,400 J. O. Chu, K. E. Ismail, and K. Y. Lee Possible high temperature superconductivity in strained Si/SiGe
293,401 M. C. Hakey, S. J. Holmes, D. V. Horak, and W. H. Ma Frequency doubling photoresist
293,755 H. Akatsu High density EEPROM for solid state file
293,756 A. Ghanwani, C. Jeffries, G. A. Marin, and K. V. Vu Method and system for providing congestion control in a data communications network
294,602 F. G. Garbelli and S. O. Oggioni Plastic ball grid array module
294,715 S. J. Fuerniss, J. D. Gelorme, J. C. Hedrick, T. H. Lewis, V. Markovich, K. Papathomas, S. L. Tisdale, and A. Viehbeck Toughened photosensitive polycyanurate resist, and structure made therefrom and process of making
294,741 C. L. Bertin and J. E. Cronin Milli-machine: Electrostatic micro-motor using cube technology
294,804 D. J. Byford Communication of data in media signals
294,968 A. S. Cammarano, J. Coffin, M. G. Courtney, S. S. Drofitz, D. L. Edwards, M. J. Ellsworth, L. S. Goldmann, S. Iruvanti, F. Pompeo, W. E. Sablinski, R. A. Sherif, and H. T. Toy Multi layer solder seal band for semiconductor substrates and process
294,969 M. L. Brandt, K. L. Brown, P. J. Dykes, E. D. Lindberg, D. E. Olson, J. E. Selden, D. D. Snyder, and J. O. Walts Computer apparatus and method for providing a common user interface for software applications accessed via the world-wide web
294,975 T. Dell, B. G. Hazelzet, and M. W. Kellogg SIMM/DIMM memory module
294,997 S. G. Chu, V. R. Kodali, and M. Lee Logic circuit
294,998 D. E. Kotecki and S. V. Nguyen Doped perovskite dielectrics
294,999 A. S. Butter, J. M. Kaczmarczyk, A. Y. Ngai, E. F. Westermann, and R. J. Yagley Efficient, flexible motion estimation architecture for real time MPEG2 compliant encoding
295,000 S. M. Burns, H. I. Hanafi, and J. J. Welser 2F-square memory cell for gigabit memory applications
295,002 D. S. Chevion Voice recording and playback apparatus
295,003 R. Bittinger, M. L. Fraenkel, B. C. Housel, and D. B. Lindquist Time coherent caching system
295,004 P. S. Yu A method and apparatus for dynamic interval-based balancing
295,006 C. E. Boice, B. A. Hall, J. M. Kaczmarczyk, A. Y. Ngai, and S. P. Pokrinchak Real-time encoding of video sequence employing two encoders and statistical analysis
295,007 M. Kobayashi, N. Morimoto, M. Numao, and S. Shimizu Hiding/extraction sequence generation for data hiding
295,008 A. D. Dingsor An apparatus method and articles of manufacture for carrier frequency compensation in a FM radio transmitter
295,032 R. Kubota Relevant search method
295,286 D. E. Goodman, M. K. Hoffmeyer, and R. Krabbenhoft Universal surface finish for DCA, SMT, and PAD on pad interconnections
295,287 V. Berstis and M. Modh Method and apparatus to select a display area within a data processing system
295,288 F. H. Dill, R. E. Fontana, S. S. Parkin, and C. Tsang Shielded magnetic tunnel junction magnetoresistive read head
295,289 R. E. Fontana, S. S. Parkin, C. Tsang, and M. L. Williams Magnetic tunnel junction magnetoresistive read head with sensing layer as rear flux guide
295,334 E. T. Schreck, C. D. Snyder, and M. Suk Magnetic transducer with wear indicator in a magnetic data storage system
295,528 M. Angelopoulos, A. G. MacDiarmid, and W. G. Zheng Oxidative/Reductive Method of Segregation of Electrically Conductive Polymers and Precursors Thereof and Methods of Fabricating Articles therewith
302,436 A. Koide, S. Shimizu, and M. Taniguchi A method and system of signal accumulation over multiple frames on data hiding for video

Malaysia
112,118A J. J. Dobbek and S. R. Hetzler System and method for skip-sector mapping in a data recording disk drive
112,200A M. R. Latta, H. J. Rosen, K. A. Rubin, and W. W. Tang Multiple data layer optical disk drive system with fixed aberration correction and optimum interlayer spacing

Poland
181,901 K. Ebcioglu and G. M. Silberman Handling of exceptions in speculative instructions
182,005 H. H. Ottesen and G. J. Smith Method and apparatus for positioning a magnetoresistive head

Singapore
42,860 Y. S. Tang and C. H. Tsang Method and apparatus for measuring and compensating nonlinear bitshift
42,881 D. Fuoco, L. A. Hernandez, E. E. Mathisen, D. Moeller, J. H. Raymond, and E. Tashakori Personal computer with anticipatory memory control signalling
42,889 A. L. Chin, S. E. Garcia, D. S. Keener, T. V. Lee, G. J. Moore, and E. Stine Personal computer with programmable threshold fifo registers for data transfer
42,891 D. S. Keener, A. B. McNeill, T. H. Newsom, K. L. Scheiern, R. W. Voorhees, and E. I. Wachtel Physical partitioning of logically continuous bus
43,719 M. W. Riley and J. D. Upton Data availability prioritization in a buffered dma environment
43,721 S. Astarabadi, F. J. Canova, C. W. Frank, Jr., N. A. Katz, R. F. Pollitt, and L. L. Suarez Battery operated computer power management system
43,734 A. Edgar System and method for image recovery
47,167 A. D. Erpelding, D. D. Palmer, S. Pattanaik, and O. J. Ruiz Head gimbal assembly with integrated electrical conductors
52,203 N. Fujita and M. Gohda Optimized memory map generator by H/W
53,010 W. Y. Lee and D. Mauri Magnetoresistive (MR) sensor with MR enhancing layer
53,103 R. E. Acosta and R. G. Viswanathan Membrane mask structure, fabrication and use
55,998 K. A. Belser and L. J. Serrano Seek optimization for disk files with side-by-side head
56,056 K. E. Ismail and B. S. Meyerson Si/SiGe vertical junction field effect transistor
56,065 M. D. Blachek and G. J. Smith Removal of raised irregularities on a magnetic disk with controlled abrasion by a magnetoresistive head
60,208 M. Blaum, S. R. Hetzler, and W. J. Kabelac Disk drive using multiple servo timing marks that form a code of unique interrelated bit patterns
65,075 D. J. Seagle Magnetic head with vialess lead layers from MR sensor to pads
67,406 T. J. Chainer, A. P. Praino, M. Schultz, B. C. Webb, and E. J. Yarmchuk Improvements in self-servowriting timing pattern generation
67,466 A. V. Ingenoso and M. A. Rothman Disk-based software image use from a read only memory device
68,028 J. D. Carr Control scheme for shared-use dual-port predicted error array
68,034 R. K. Arimilli, J. S. Dodson, and J. D. Lewis Method and system for speculatively sourcing cache memory data within a data-processing system
68,635 K. Balasubramanyam, S. B. Brodsky, R. Conti, and B. El-Kareh MOSFET device and method of controlling dopant diffusion and metal contamination in thin polycide gate conductor
68,662 H. Cheong, P. J. Jordan, and H. Q. Le Data processing system and method for anticipating instruction execution
68,669 H. S. El-Ghoroury, J. Gu, S. D. Hall, and M. Millward Method of sampling, downconverting, and digitizing a bandpass signal using a digital predicitve coder
69,098 I. D. Judd and M. J. Szatkowski Data storage subsystem
70,670 M. Kumar Write driver and bit line precharge apparatus and method
71,034 T. J. Chainer, A. P. Praino, M. Schultz, B. C. Webb, and E. J. Yarmchuk Improvements in self-servowriting timing pattern generation
75,843 S. A. Bolasna and L. K. Dorius Dual etch step pad air bearing design with three etch depths

Taiwan
NI-123,304 S. Hirose and F. Kitayama A web server that outputs HTML adapted documents accordinge capabilities of client user agents
NI-123,373 T. J. Heller Microprocessor with improved out of order support
NI-123,416 H. Muta GUI remote control by www browser
NI-123,418 C. Komoda and H. Ueno Remote GUI creation using e-mail
NI-123,428 B. Q. Nguyen, R. J. Redpath, and S. K. Singhal Method and system for authentication over a distributed service to limit password compromise
NI-123,435 R. J. Curran, F. Schmuck, B. Shmueli, and J. Wyllie Parallel file system and method with a metadata node
NI-123,438 T. Okada, K. Tanaka, and T. Ushio Integrated demodulator for DVD and CD
NI-123,532 J. A. Bruce, J. D. Chapple-Sokol, C. W. Koburger, M. J. Lercel, R. W. Mann, J. S. Nakos, J. Pekarik, K. D. Peterson, and J. Rankin Borderless contact to diffusion with respect to gate conductor and methods for fabricating
NI-123,610 S. C. Chen, J. Janniello, W. E. Pence, and B. L. Yeo System for selecting and eccessing portions of an information stream(s) from a television
NI-123,770 M. Ilg, S. V. Nguyen, and K. J. Uram Damascene stack capacitor
NI-123,778 N. Matsubara, Y. Nakagawa, and F. Sai Channel/preamp control through NRZI data bus in hard disk drive
NI-123,791 K. Babich, A. C. Callegari, J. Fontaine, A. Grill, C. Jahnes, and V. V. Patel Tunable and removable plasma deposited antireflective coatings
NI-123,804 J. M. Borkenhagen, R. J. Eickemeyer, W. T. Flynn, S. R. Kunkel, S. B. Levenstein, and A. H. Wottreng An apparatus and method to guarantee forward progress in execution of threads in a multithreaded processor
NI-123,846 T. Ference, W. J. Howell, and E. J. Sprogis On chip-on-chip interconnections of varied characteristics
NI-123,859 Y. Kobayashi, Y. Sakaguchi, and M. Suzuki A wide rango buffer amplifier
NI-124,420 M. Kumar Write driver and bit line precharge apparatus and method
NI-124,423 E. S. Kirkpatrick and C. Narayanaswami An image capturing system and method for automatically watermarking recorded parameters for providing digital image verifi
NI-124,641 J. O. Chu, K. E. Ismail, B. U. Klepser, and S. J. Koester Si/SiGe optoelectronic integrated circuits
NI-124,643 U. Ghoshal Method and apparatus for creating improved inductors for use with electronic oscillators
NI-124,684 G. D. Kokkosoulis and D. A. Temple Method and system for dynamically maintaining audio balance in a stereo audio system
NI-124,727 M. Pedersen and P. Wohl Integrated circuit clocking technique and circuit therefor
NI-124,763 Y. Kinoe, M. Matsuda, N. Muranaka, K. Okamoto, T. Takemura, and N. Uchiyama Method of multiple functional icon
NI-124,773 A. Gupta and R. V. Joshi Non-volatile magnetic memory cell and devices

United Kingdom
2,319,431 L. L. Porter and M. G. Thomas Voice mail system
2,324,631 D. J. Byford Communication of data in media signals
2,334,120 G. L. Guthrie, R. A. Kelley, and D. Neal Method and apparatus adding and removing components of a data processing system without powering down

European Patent country names and codes

AD    ANDORRA
AE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
AF AFGHANISTAN
AG ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
AI ANGUILLA
AL ALBANIA
AM ARMENIA
AN NETHERLANDS ANTILLES
AO ANGOLA
AQ ANTARCTICA
AR ARGENTINA
AS AMERICAN SAMOA
AT AUSTRIA
AU AUSTRALIA
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CK COOK ISLANDS
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CU CUBA
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GB UNITED KINGDOM
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IE IRELAND
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KY CAYMAN ISLANDS
KZ KAZAKSTAN
LA    LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
LB LEBANON
LC SAINT LUCIA
LI LIECHTENSTEIN
LK SRI LANKA
LR LIBERIA
LS LESOTHO
LT LITHUANIA
LU LUXEMBOURG
LV LATVIA
LY LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA
MA MOROCCO
MC MONACO
MD MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF
MG MADAGASCAR
MH MARSHALL ISLANDS
MK MACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF
ML MALI
MM MYANMAR
MN MONGOLIA
MO MACAU
MP NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
MQ MARTINIQUE
MR MAURITANIA
MS MONTSERRAT
MT MALTA
MU MAURITIUS
MV MALDIVES
MW MALAWI
MX MEXICO
MY MALAYSIA
MZ MOZAMBIQUE
NA NAMIBIA
NC NEW CALEDONIA
NE NIGER
NF NORFOLK ISLAND
NG NIGERIA
NI NICARAGUA
NL NETHERLANDS
NO NORWAY
NP NEPAL
NR NAURU
NU NIUE
NZ NEW ZEALAND
OM OMAN
PA PANAMA
PE PERU
PF FRENCH POLYNESIA
PG PAPUA NEW GUINEA
PH PHILIPPINES
PK PAKISTAN
PL POLAND
PM SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON
PN PITCAIRN
PR PUERTO RICO
PS PALESTINIAN TERRITORY, OCCUPIED
PT PORTUGAL
PW PALAU
PY PARAGUAY
QA QATAR
RE RÉUNION
RO ROMANIA
RU RUSSIAN FEDERATION
RW RWANDA
SA SAUDI ARABIA
SB SOLOMON ISLANDS
SC SEYCHELLES
SD SUDAN
SE SWEDEN
SG SINGAPORE
SH SAINT HELENA
SI SLOVENIA
SJ SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN
SK SLOVAKIA
SL SIERRA LEONE
SM SAN MARINO
SN SENEGAL
SO SOMALIA
SR SURINAME
ST SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
SV EL SALVADOR
SY SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
SZ SWAZILAND
TC TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
TD CHAD
TF FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES
TG TOGO
TH THAILAND
TJ TAJIKISTAN
TK TOKELAU
TM TURKMENISTAN
TN TUNISIA
TO TONGA
TP EAST TIMOR
TR TURKEY
TT TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
TV TUVALU
TW TAIWAN
TZ TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF
UA UKRAINE
UG UGANDA
UM UNITED STATES MINOR OUTLYING ISLANDS
US UNITED STATES
UY URUGUAY
UZ UZBEKISTAN
VA HOLY SEE (VATICAN CITY STATE)
VC SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
VE VENEZUELA
VG VIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISH
VI VIRGIN ISLANDS, U.S.
VN VIET NAM
VU VANUATU
WF WALLIS AND FUTUNA
WS SAMOA
YE YEMEN
YT MAYOTTE
YU YUGOSLAVIA
ZA SOUTH AFRICA
ZM ZAMBIA
ZW ZIMBABWE