Pervasive, Mobile, Wearable Computing Skip to main content
IBM Research Homepage 
  | Symbiosis | Display

Pervasive, Mobile and Wearable Computing

Form Factors

 

Symbiosis

Audio Symbiosis

Display Symbiosis

Energy Symbiosis

 


Display Symbiosis

The below table shows that limits of human visual acuity constrain the amount of information that can be shown on direct view displays of small portable devices. Until flexible displays or portable projection displays for small devices become practical, we will be limited by the size of the device. Though wearable eye mounted displays are already available, they have not been adopted in large numbers due to social concerns. Display symbiosis provides a way to overcome this inherent limitation of mobile devices.

Display Type User Distance (inches) Typical Width (inches) Typical Width (pixels Typical Resolution (dpi) Maximum Resolution (dpi) Maximum Width (pixels)
Cell phone panel 10 1 100 100 350 350
PDA Display 12 2 300 150 291 582
Laptop Display 16 10 1200 120 218 2180
Desktop Monitor 20 15 2000 133 175 2625
Meeting Room Screen 230 80 1200 15 15 1200

Typical resolution of displays and maximum possible resolution according to limitations on human visual acuity, using 20/20 human visual acuity.

Personal devices can also offer a private display. The private display can be used to show personalized information such as a special frequent visitor price that is offered to the user while watching a commercial on a public display such as a television on a train. Another example is one where speaker notes are shown on the small private display while a presentation is being shown on a large screen. Close captions for movies and television shows is another example.

More details on display symbiosis are available from following publications

Fostering a Symbiotic Handheld Environment, Mandayam Raghunath, Chandra Narayanaswami, Claudio Pinhanez, IEEE Computer, Sept 2003, pp. 55-65.

Using Symbiotic Displays to View Sensitive Information in Public, Stefan Berger, Rick Kjeldsen, Claudio Pinhanez, Mark Podlaseck, Chandra Narayanaswami, Mandayam Raghunath, Proc of IEEE PerCom 2005, pp 139-148.

Expanding the Digital Camera's Reach, Chandra Narayanaswami, M.T. Raghunath, IEEE Computer, Vol 37, No 12, Dec 2004, pp. 65-73.

Page was last updated in May, 2005.

 Privacy | Legal | Contact | IBM Home | Research Home | Project List | Research Sites | Page Contact